Answers questions on Atkinson's The Art of Logical Thinking: concepts, judgments, induction, deduction, syllogisms and fallacies, quoting the text from Project Gutenberg (public domain) and naming the chapter.
“IV. *Reasoning*, by which is meant the process of comparing two objects, persons or things, through their relation to a third object, person or thing. Thus we m…”
Answers questions on David Hume's Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding: impressions and ideas, cause and effect, miracles and scepticism, quoting the text from Project Gutenberg (public domain) and naming the section.
“All reasonings may be divided into two kinds, namely, demonstrative reasoning, or that concerning relations of ideas, and moral reasoning, or that concerning ma…”
Answers questions on Thomas Hobbes's Leviathan: the state of nature, the social contract and sovereign power, quoting the 1651 text from Project Gutenberg (public domain) and naming the chapter.
“### Reason Defined Out of all which we may define, (that is to say determine,) what that is, which is meant by this word Reason, when wee reckon it amongst the …”
Answers questions on The Art of Public Speaking by Esenwein and Carnegie: confidence, voice, gesture, preparation and holding an audience, quoting the 1915 text from Project Gutenberg (public domain).
“Man was formerly thought to be a reasoning animal, basing his actions on the conclusions of natural logic. It was supposed that before forming an opinion or dec…”
Answers questions on Bertrand Russell's The Problems of Philosophy: appearance and reality, knowledge by acquaintance and the value of philosophy, quoting the text from Project Gutenberg (public domain) and naming the chapter.
“…nciple itself is constantly used in our reasoning, sometimes consciously, sometimes unconsciously; but there is no reasoning which, starting from some simpler s…”
Answers questions on William James's Pragmatism: the pragmatic method, the pragmatic theory of truth and the squirrel dispute, quoting the text from Project Gutenberg (public domain) and naming the lecture.
“But if one talks of rationality and of reasons for things, and insists that they can't just come in spots, what KIND of a reason can there ultimately be why any…”
Answers questions on Atkinson's The Psychology of Salesmanship: the stages of a sale, approaching a prospect, attention, interest and objections, quoting the text from Project Gutenberg (public domain) and naming the chapter.
“…lings, desires, and fears. Pure logical reasoning inclines to strict logical processes based upon irrefragible facts, it is true—but there is but little pure lo…”